Muburyo bwo gushonga cyangwa gukora bishyushye byibyuma, bitewe nibintu bimwe (nkibintu bitarimo ibyuma, gaze, guhitamo inzira cyangwa imikorere idakwiye, nibindi).Inenge imbere cyangwa hejuru yubuso bwaumuyoboro w'icyumaBizagira ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere yibikoresho cyangwa ibicuruzwa, kandi rimwe na rimwe biganisha ku bikoresho cyangwa ibicuruzwa bivanyweho.
Ububabare, ibibyimba, kugabanuka ibisigazwa bya crater, kutagira ibyuma, gutandukanya, ibibara byera, ibice hamwe nubusembwa butandukanye budasanzwe muriimbeho ikonje idafite ibyumaurashobora kuboneka ukoresheje ubugenzuzi bwa macroscopique.Hariho uburyo bubiri bwo kugenzura macro: kugenzura acide no kugenzura kuvunika.Inenge zisanzwe za macroscopique zagaragajwe no gusohora aside zasobanuwe muri make aha:
1. Kwigunga
Impamvu yo gushingwa: Mugihe cyo gutara no gukomera, ibintu bimwe na bimwe byegeranya bitewe no guhitamo kristalisiti no gukwirakwiza, bikavamo imiti idasanzwe.Ukurikije imyanya itandukanye yo gukwirakwiza, irashobora kugabanwa mubwoko bwa ingot, gutandukanya hagati no gutandukanya ingingo.
Ibiranga Macroscopique: Ku byitegererezo bya acide, iyo bitandukanijwe mubikoresho byangirika cyangwa birimo gaze, ibara ryijimye, imiterere ntisanzwe, yegeranye gato, hepfo iringaniye, kandi hariho ingingo nyinshi ziciriritse.Niba ibintu birwanya ibintu byegeranye, bizaba ibara ryoroshye, rifite imiterere idasanzwe, ugereranije na microbump.
2. kurekura
Impamvu yo gushingwa: Mugihe cyo gukomera, ibyuma ntibishobora gusudira mugihe gishyushye bitewe no kugabanuka kwanyuma kugabanuka kwibikoresho byo hasi no kurekura gaze kugirango habeho icyuho.Ukurikije uko bakwirakwijwe, barashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: hagati irekuye no muri rusange.
Ibiranga Macroscopique: Kuruhande rwa acide ishyushye kuruhande, imyenge ni polygon idasanzwe hamwe nibyobo bifite ibibyimba bigufi, mubisanzwe aho bitandukaniye.Mubihe bikomeye, hariho imyumvire yo guhuza imiterere ya spongy.
3. Kwinjiza
Impamvu yo gushiraho:
Ibyuma byo hanze
Impamvu: Mugihe cyo gusuka, utubari twicyuma, ibyuma byamabati hamwe nimpapuro zicyuma bigwa mubibumbano, cyangwa icyuma cyongewe kumpera yicyiciro cyo gushonga ntigishonga.
Ibiranga Macroscopique: Ku mpapuro zometseho, ahanini ishusho ya geometrike ifite impande zityaye kandi itandukaniro ryibara ritandukanye nibidukikije.
② Amahanga adafite ibyuma
Impamvu: Mugihe cyo gusuka, ibikoresho byo kunanura by itanura hamwe nurukuta rwimbere rwa sisitemu yo gusuka ntirureremba cyangwa ngo rujugunywe mubyuma byashongeshejwe.
Ibiranga Macroscopique: Ibinini binini bitari ibyuma byamenyekanye byoroshye, mugihe utuntu duto duto twangirika kandi tugashishwa, hasigara umwobo muto.
Fata uruhu
Impamvu yo gushingwa: Icyuma gishongeshejwe kirimo firime yakize igice hejuru ya ingot yo hepfo.
Ibiranga Macroscopique: Ibara ryikitegererezo cya acide iratandukanye nibikikije, kandi imiterere ni imirongo migufi igoramye idasanzwe, kandi akenshi usanga harimo okiside hamwe na pore hirya no hino.
4. Gabanya
Impamvu yo kwibumbira hamwe: Iyo utera ingot cyangwa casting, amazi mumyanya ntashobora kwuzuzwa kubera kugabanuka kwijwi mugihe cyanyuma, kandi umutwe wintot cyangwa casting ukora cavit ya macroscopique.
Ibiranga Macroscopique: Umuyoboro wo kugabanuka uherereye hagati ya acide ya nyuma ya acide, kandi agace kegeranye karatandukanijwe, kavanze cyangwa karekuye.Rimwe na rimwe, umwobo cyangwa ibice bishobora kugaragara mbere yo gutera, hanyuma nyuma yo gutobora, ibice by'imyobo byijimye kandi bisa nkibyobo bidasanzwe.
5. Ibibyimba
Impamvu yo gushingwa: Inenge ziterwa na gaze zakozwe kandi zirekurwa mugihe cyo gutera ingot.
Ibiranga Macroscopique: Hindura ingero zifite ibice hafi ya perpendikulari hejuru yubuso hamwe na okiside nkeya na decarburisation hafi.Kubaho kwimyuka yo mu kirere munsi yubuso bwitwa ibibyimba byo mu kirere, kandi byimbitse yo mu kirere byitwa pinholes.Mugihe cyo guhimba, ibyo byobo bidafite ubumara kandi bidasudutse bigera mu tubari duto hamwe na pinhole ntoya mu gice cyambukiranya.Igice cyambukiranya gisa no gutandukanya ingingo zisanzwe, ariko ibara ryijimye ni ubuki bwimbere.
6. Vitiligo
Impamvu yo gushingwa: Mubisanzwe bifatwa nkingaruka za hydrogène hamwe nihungabana ryimiterere, kandi gutandukanya no kwinjiza mubyuma nabyo bigira ingaruka runaka, nubwoko bumwe.
Ibiranga Macroscopique: Amagufi magufi, yoroheje kuri acide ashyushye ya acide yanduye.Hano hari ibibara byera byera bya feza yuzuye ingano kumeneka maremare.
7. Kumena
Impamvu yo gushingwa: gukata axial intergranular crack.Iyo imiterere ya dendritic ikabije, ibice bizagaragara kumashami nkuru no hagati yamashami ya bilet nini.
Imbere yimbere: Ibice byatewe no guhimba bidakwiye no gutembera.
Ibiranga Macroscopique: Ku gice cyambukiranya, umwanya wa axial ucika hagati yimiterere, muburyo bwurubuga rwigitagangurirwa, kandi gucamo radiyo bibaho mubihe bikomeye.
8. Ububiko
Impamvu zo gushingwa: inkovu zubuso zinganaicyuma gikonjesha gikonjecyangwa ibyuma byibyuma mugihe cyo guhimba no kuzunguruka, impande zikarishye hamwe nu mfurukaubukonje-bukonje butagira icyuma, cyangwa ibintu bimeze nkamatwi byakozwe kubera igishushanyo mbonera cyangwa imikorere idakwiye, no gukomeza kuzunguruka.kurengerwa mugihe cyo gukora.
Ibiranga Macroscopique: Kuri transvers ya acide ishyushye yerekana urugero rwicyuma gikonje cyashushanyijeho umuyoboro wicyuma, hari icyuma cyangiritse hejuru yicyuma, kandi hafi ya decarburisation ikabije, kandi igikoma kirimo igipimo cya oxyde.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-02-2022